Hábitos alimenticios y sus efectos en la salud de los estudiantes universitarios. Una revisión sistemática de la literatura

Dietary habits and health effects among university students. A systematic review

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17081/psico.25.47.4861

Palabras clave:

hábitos alimenticios, salud pública, estudiantes universitarios, Colombia

Resumen

Objetivo: Analizar la literatura existente referida a los estudios relacionados con los hábitos alimenticios de los jóvenes universitarios, así como la incidencia que dichos hábitos tienen en su salud.

Método: Se ha realizado una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura, basada en los criterios propuestos por Petticrew & Roberts (2006) usando los estándares PRISMA. Se analizaron artículos de carácter práctico, indexados en las bases de datos electrónicas: Scopus, EBSCOhost y ScienceDirect, publicados en el período 2000-2020. La búsqueda inicial arrojó 2397 artículos, de los cuales 57 fueron escogidos para su revisión en profundidad, luego de aplicar los criterios de selección.

Resultados: La revisión de la literatura mostró que las investigaciones han sido publicadas en revistas especializadas de las Ciencias de la Salud (28,07 %), en países como Estados Unidos (14,04 %), Arabia Saudita (14,04 %) y España (10,53 %), y empleando diseños transversales a partir de la recolección de fuentes primarias (66,67 %). Los resultados también arrojaron que los jóvenes universitarios no practican hábitos alimentarios saludables (87,72 %). De hecho, su alimentación se caracteriza por ser poco variada y de baja calidad nutricional, con un alto consumo de dulces (57,89 %), grasas (45,61 %) y comidas rápidas y ultraprocesadas (45,61 %), frente a una baja ingesta de frutas y verduras (71,93 %). Asimismo, se muestra que los malos hábitos alimenticios tienen una alta incidencia en la salud (73,91 %), tales como sobrepeso (47,21 %), enfermedades cardiovasculares (18,18 %) y Diabetes (14,55 %).

Conclusiones: La revisión de la literatura arroja que existe una alta prevalencia entre los malos hábitos alimenticios y el riesgo de padecer sobrepeso y obesidad, así como de la aparición de futuras enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, tales como las enfermedades cardiovasculares y la Diabetes.

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Biografía del autor/a

María Carolina Caneda-Bermejo, Universidad de Cartagena

Administradora Industrial, Universidad de Cartagena, Colombia.

Angie Cecilia Vivas-Castillo, Universidad de Cartagena

Administradora Industrial, Universidad de Cartagena, Colombia

Citas

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2022-05-02

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Maza Avila, F. J., Caneda-Bermejo, M. C., & Vivas-Castillo, A. C. (2022). Hábitos alimenticios y sus efectos en la salud de los estudiantes universitarios. Una revisión sistemática de la literatura: Dietary habits and health effects among university students. A systematic review. Psicogente, 25(47), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.17081/psico.25.47.4861

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