Funcionamiento de la empatía en la enfermedad de Huntington sintomática y presintomática: Una revisión sistemática
Contenido principal de artículos
Palabras clave:
Enfermedad de Huntington, empatía, presintomáticos, enfermedades neurodegenerativas, habilidades sociales, reconocimiento de las emociones.
Resumen
Introducción: La enfermedad de Huntington (EH) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa hereditaria, caracterizada por el deterioro del área motora, cambios del comportamiento, síntomas cognitivo-afectivos y deterioro en las habilidades afectivas complejas, dentro de las cuales se destaca la empatía. Esta última se ha considerado como una capacidad interpersonal fundamental, la cual permite comprender los sentimientos y emociones de los demás, basándose en el reconocimiento del otro como similar. Objetivo: Describir el funcionamiento de la empatía en pacientes sintomáticos y presintomáticos con EH. Método: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática siguiendo los lineamientos de la declaración PRISMA. Para el proceso de búsqueda se tuvieron en cuenta bases de datos de alto impacto como Proquest, Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus y Taylor and Francis Online. Para la gestión de la información, se incluyeron y excluyeron los artículos en función de un total de siete criterios establecidos por la revisión para la evaluación de los estudios hallados. Resultados: Al finalizar con el proceso de inclusión y exclusión, se obtuvo un total de cinco estudios elegibles, los cuales fueron sometidos a una exhaustiva revisión, teniendo en cuenta sus características principales y sus hallazgos. El análisis en conjunto de los resultados, sugirieron que las habilidades empáticas se encuentran preservadas a nivel general tanto en sintomáticos, como presintomáticos, exceptuando déficits en componentes específicos de la empatía. Conclusiones/discusión: Finalmente, esta revisión enfatiza en la necesidad de seguir profundizando en la evaluación de la empatía dentro de la EH, considerando que, hasta el momento no existe un consenso claro sobre el funcionamiento del constructo dentro de la enfermedad. Se espera que la superación de las limitaciones de los estudios en la actualidad, permitan esclarecer lo que se conoce al respecto, y a su vez, esto pueda impactar significativamente en el abordaje de los pacientes con EH.
Citas
Adjeroud, N., Besnard, J., Massioui, N, Verny, C., Prudean, A., Scherer, C., Gohier, B., Bonneau, D & Allain, P. (2016). Theory of mind and empathy in preclinical and clinical Huntington’s disease. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(1), 89-99. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsv093
Ahmad, M., Amaya, L., Calabria, B., Arcón, A., Carrillo, D., Muños, A., De La Cruz, A., Ortega, K., Navarro, M., Rodriguez, D., Fontalvo, D. (2018). Calidad de vida en pacientes con enfermedad de Huntington y sus cuidadores. Revista salud en movimiento, 10(1).
Báez, S., Herrera, E., Gershanik, O., García, A., Bocanegra, Y., Kargieman, L., Manes, F., Ibáñez, A. (2015). Impairments in negative emotion recognition and empathy for pain in Huntington's disease families. Neuropsychologia, 68, 158-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.012
Baron-Cohen, S., & Wheelwright, S. (2004). The empathy quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 34(2), 163-175. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00
Bodden, M. E., Dodel, R., & Kalbe, E. (2010). Theory of mind in Parkinson's disease and related basal ganglia disorders: a systematic review. Movement Disorders, 25(1), 13-27. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22818
Cepeda, C., & Tong, X. P. (2018). Huntington's disease: From basic science to therapeutics. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 24(4), 247. https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.12841
Coppen, E., Hafkemeijer, A., Van Der Grond, J., Wolf, J., & Roos, R. (2018). 04 Structure and function of the posterior cerebral cortex in Huntington’s disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 89(1), 36-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-EHDN.98
Couto, B., Sedeno, L., Sposato, L. A., Sigman, M., Riccio, P. M., Salles, A., ... & Ibáñez, A. (2013). Insular networks for emotional processing and social cognition: comparison of two case reports with either cortical or subcortical involvement. Cortex, 49(5), 1420-1434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2012.08.006
Davis, M. (1980). Empathy: A social psychological approach. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429493898
Durr, A., Gargiulo, M., & Feingold, J. (2012). The presymptomatic phase of Huntington disease. Revue neurologique, 168(11), 806-808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2012.07.003
Eddy, C. M., & Rickards, H. (2015). Theory of mind can be impaired prior to motor onset in Huntington’s disease. Neuropsychology, 29(5), 792. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000190
Eddy, C. M., Rickards, H., & Hansen, P. (2017). Through your eyes or mine? The neural correlates of mental state recognition in Huntington's disease. Human brain mapping, 39(3), 1354-1366. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23923
Elamin, M., Pender, N., Hardiman, O., & Abrahams, S. (2012). Social cognition in neurodegenerative disorders: A systematic review. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 83(11), 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2012-302817
Fortier, J., Besnard, J., & Allain, P. (2018). Theory of mind, empathy and emotion perception in cortical and subcortical neurodegenerative diseases. Revue neurologique, 174(4), 237-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2017.07.013
Gallagher, H & Frith, C. (2003). Functional imaging of “theory of mind”. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7 (2), 77-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(02)00025-6
Gilet, A. L., Mella, N., Studer, J., Grühn, D., & Labouvie-Vief, G. (2013). Assessing dispositional empathy in adults: A French validation of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 45(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030425
Hall, J. A., & Schwartz, R. (2019). Empathy present and future. The Journal of Social Psychology, 159(3), 225-243. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2018.1477442
He, Y., Su, Q., Wang, L., He, W., Tan, C., Zhang, H. & Yan, N. (2019). The characteristics of intelligence profile and eye gaze in facial emotion recognition in mild and moderate preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder. Frontiers in psychiatry, 10, 402. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00402
Henley, S. M., Novak, M. J., Frost, C., King, J., Tabrizi, S. J., & Warren, J. D. (2012). Emotion recognition in Huntington's disease: a systematic review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(1), 237-253. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00402
Hogan, R. (1969) Development of an Empathy Scale. Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 307-316. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0027580
Hünefeldt, T., Maffi, S., Migliore, S., Squitieri, F., & Belardinelli, M. (2020). Emotion recognition and inhibitory control in manifest and pre-manifest Huntington's disease: evidence from a new Stroop task. Neural regeneration research, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.274342
Jiang, M., Francis, S. M., Srishyla, D., Conelea, C., Zhao, Q., & Jacob, S. (2019). Classifying Individuals with ASD Through Facial Emotion Recognition and Eye-Tracking. In 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) (pp. 6063-6068). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2019.8857005
Johnson, S. A., Stout, J. C., Solomon, A. C., Langbehn, D. R., Aylward, E. H., Cruce, C. B., Ross, C. A., Nance, M., Kayson, E., Julian-Baros, E., Hayden, M. R., Kieburtz, K., Guttman, M., Oakes, D., Shoulson, I., Beglinger, L., Duff, K., Penziner, E., Paulsen, J. S., & Predict-HD Investigators of the Huntington Study Group (2007). Beyond disgust: impaired recognition of negative emotions prior to diagnosis in Huntington's disease. Brain: a journal of neurology, 130(7), 1732–1744. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awm107
Jolliffe, D., & Farrington, D. P. (2006). Development and validation of the Basic Empathy Scale. Journal of adolescence, 29(4), 589-611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.08.010
Kieburtz, K., Penney, J. B., Corno, P., Ranen, N., Shoulson, I., Feigin, A., & Goldstein, J. (2001). Unified Huntington’s disease rating scale: reliability and consistency. Neurology, 11(2), 136-142. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.870110204
Kirkwood, S. C., Su, J. L., Conneally, P. M., & Foroud, T. (2001). Progression of symptoms in the early and middle stages of Huntington disease. Archives of neurology, 58(2), 273-278. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.58.2.273
Kordsachia, C. C., Labuschagne, I., & Stout, J. C. (2017). Beyond emotion recognition deficits: A theory guided analysis of emotion processing in Huntington’s disease. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 73, 276-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.020
López, M. B., Filippetti, A., & Richaud, M. (2014). Empatía: desde la percepción automática hasta los procesos controlados. Avances de psicologia latinoamericana, 32 (1), 37-51. . https://doi.org/10.12804/apl32.1.2014.03
Marín, C. (2017). Tratamiento Neuropsicológico en la Enfermedad de Huntington: Una revisión sistemática. Revista de Discapacidad, Clínica y Neurociencias:(RDCN), 4(1), 57-70. https://doi.org/10.14198/DCN.2017.4.1.05
Maurage, P., Lahaye, M., Grynberg, D., Jeanjean, A., Guettat, L., Verellen-Dumoulin, C., Halkin, S., Heeren, A., Billieux, J., Constant, E. (2016). Dissociating emotional and cognitive empathy in pre-clinical and clinical Huntington’s disease. Psychiatry research, 237, 103-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.01.070
Mehrabian, A., & Epstein, N. (1972). A measure of emotional empathy. Journal of Personality, 40(4), 525–543. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1972.tb00078.x
Melgarejo, M. M. P., Herrera, A. M. T., & Ospino, J. M. O. (2017). Calidad de Vida en pacientes con enfermedad de Huntington y sus cuidadores residentes en el departamento del Magdalena. Revista del Hospital Psiquiátrico de La Habana, 13(3). https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumen.cgi?IDARTICULO=70192
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 339, b2535. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2535
Murcia, E., Báez, S., & Ibáñez, A. (2015). Empathy in Huntington‘s disease families: study in the Colombian Caribbean. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 357-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.945
Pick, E., Kleinbub, J. R., Mannarini, S., & Palmieri, A. (2019). Empathy in neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 15, 3287-3304. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S225920
Pupo, J. M. R., Rojas, Y. V. D., Rodríguez, Y. R., Batista, Y. R., & Arias, E. N. (2014). Actualización en enfermedad de Huntington. Correo Científico Médico, 17(4), Article 4. http://www.revcocmed.sld.cu/index.php/cocmed/article/view/1483
Pradilla, G. A., Vesga, B. A., & León-Sarmiento, F. E. (2003). National neuroepidemiological study in Colombia (EPINEURO). Revista panamericana de salud pública, 14(2), 104-111. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1020-49892003000700005
Rawlins, M. D., Wexler, N. S., Wexler, A. R., Tabrizi, S. J., Douglas, I., Evans, S. J., & Smeeth, L. (2016). The prevalence of Huntington's disease. Neuroepidemiology, 46(2), 144-153. https://doi.org/10.1159/000443738
Saft, C., Lissek, S., Hoffmann, R., Nicolas, V., Tegenthoff, M., Juckel, G., & Brüne, M. (2013). Mentalizing in preclinical Huntington’s disease: an fMRI study using cartoon picture stories. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 7(2), 154-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-012-9209-9
Shanok, N. A., Jones, N. A., & Lucas, N. N. (2019). The Nature of Facial Emotion Recognition Impairments in Children on the Autism Spectrum. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 50(4), 661-667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-019-00870-z
Stotland, E. (1969). Exploratory investigations of empathy. Advances in experimental social psychology, 4(1), 271-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60080-5
Suárez, N. R., Palacios-García, J., & Morante, M. (2016). Cuidados paliativos en la enfermedad de Huntington: perspectivas desde la atención primaria de salud. Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría, 79(4), 230-238. http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v79i4.2977
Trinkler, I., De Langavant, L., & Bachoud-Lévi, A. C. (2013). Joint recognition–expression impairment of facial emotions in Huntington's disease despite intact understanding of feelings. Cortex, 49(2), 549-558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2011.12.003
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Zarotti, N., Simpson, J., Fletcher, I., Squitieri, F., & Migliore, S. (2018). Exploring emotion regulation and emotion recognition in people with presymptomatic Huntington's disease: the role of emotional awareness. Neuropsychologia, 112, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.02.030
Zabala, M. L., Richard, M. M., Breccia, F., & López, M. (2018). Relaciones entre empatía y teoría de la mente en niños y adolescentes. Pensamiento Psicológico, 16(2), 47-57. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javerianacali.PPSI16-2.retm
Ahmad, M., Amaya, L., Calabria, B., Arcón, A., Carrillo, D., Muños, A., De La Cruz, A., Ortega, K., Navarro, M., Rodriguez, D., Fontalvo, D. (2018). Calidad de vida en pacientes con enfermedad de Huntington y sus cuidadores. Revista salud en movimiento, 10(1).
Báez, S., Herrera, E., Gershanik, O., García, A., Bocanegra, Y., Kargieman, L., Manes, F., Ibáñez, A. (2015). Impairments in negative emotion recognition and empathy for pain in Huntington's disease families. Neuropsychologia, 68, 158-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.012
Baron-Cohen, S., & Wheelwright, S. (2004). The empathy quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 34(2), 163-175. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00
Bodden, M. E., Dodel, R., & Kalbe, E. (2010). Theory of mind in Parkinson's disease and related basal ganglia disorders: a systematic review. Movement Disorders, 25(1), 13-27. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22818
Cepeda, C., & Tong, X. P. (2018). Huntington's disease: From basic science to therapeutics. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 24(4), 247. https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.12841
Coppen, E., Hafkemeijer, A., Van Der Grond, J., Wolf, J., & Roos, R. (2018). 04 Structure and function of the posterior cerebral cortex in Huntington’s disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 89(1), 36-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-EHDN.98
Couto, B., Sedeno, L., Sposato, L. A., Sigman, M., Riccio, P. M., Salles, A., ... & Ibáñez, A. (2013). Insular networks for emotional processing and social cognition: comparison of two case reports with either cortical or subcortical involvement. Cortex, 49(5), 1420-1434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2012.08.006
Davis, M. (1980). Empathy: A social psychological approach. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429493898
Durr, A., Gargiulo, M., & Feingold, J. (2012). The presymptomatic phase of Huntington disease. Revue neurologique, 168(11), 806-808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2012.07.003
Eddy, C. M., & Rickards, H. (2015). Theory of mind can be impaired prior to motor onset in Huntington’s disease. Neuropsychology, 29(5), 792. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000190
Eddy, C. M., Rickards, H., & Hansen, P. (2017). Through your eyes or mine? The neural correlates of mental state recognition in Huntington's disease. Human brain mapping, 39(3), 1354-1366. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23923
Elamin, M., Pender, N., Hardiman, O., & Abrahams, S. (2012). Social cognition in neurodegenerative disorders: A systematic review. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 83(11), 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2012-302817
Fortier, J., Besnard, J., & Allain, P. (2018). Theory of mind, empathy and emotion perception in cortical and subcortical neurodegenerative diseases. Revue neurologique, 174(4), 237-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2017.07.013
Gallagher, H & Frith, C. (2003). Functional imaging of “theory of mind”. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7 (2), 77-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(02)00025-6
Gilet, A. L., Mella, N., Studer, J., Grühn, D., & Labouvie-Vief, G. (2013). Assessing dispositional empathy in adults: A French validation of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 45(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030425
Hall, J. A., & Schwartz, R. (2019). Empathy present and future. The Journal of Social Psychology, 159(3), 225-243. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2018.1477442
He, Y., Su, Q., Wang, L., He, W., Tan, C., Zhang, H. & Yan, N. (2019). The characteristics of intelligence profile and eye gaze in facial emotion recognition in mild and moderate preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder. Frontiers in psychiatry, 10, 402. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00402
Henley, S. M., Novak, M. J., Frost, C., King, J., Tabrizi, S. J., & Warren, J. D. (2012). Emotion recognition in Huntington's disease: a systematic review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(1), 237-253. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00402
Hogan, R. (1969) Development of an Empathy Scale. Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 307-316. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0027580
Hünefeldt, T., Maffi, S., Migliore, S., Squitieri, F., & Belardinelli, M. (2020). Emotion recognition and inhibitory control in manifest and pre-manifest Huntington's disease: evidence from a new Stroop task. Neural regeneration research, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.274342
Jiang, M., Francis, S. M., Srishyla, D., Conelea, C., Zhao, Q., & Jacob, S. (2019). Classifying Individuals with ASD Through Facial Emotion Recognition and Eye-Tracking. In 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) (pp. 6063-6068). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2019.8857005
Johnson, S. A., Stout, J. C., Solomon, A. C., Langbehn, D. R., Aylward, E. H., Cruce, C. B., Ross, C. A., Nance, M., Kayson, E., Julian-Baros, E., Hayden, M. R., Kieburtz, K., Guttman, M., Oakes, D., Shoulson, I., Beglinger, L., Duff, K., Penziner, E., Paulsen, J. S., & Predict-HD Investigators of the Huntington Study Group (2007). Beyond disgust: impaired recognition of negative emotions prior to diagnosis in Huntington's disease. Brain: a journal of neurology, 130(7), 1732–1744. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awm107
Jolliffe, D., & Farrington, D. P. (2006). Development and validation of the Basic Empathy Scale. Journal of adolescence, 29(4), 589-611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.08.010
Kieburtz, K., Penney, J. B., Corno, P., Ranen, N., Shoulson, I., Feigin, A., & Goldstein, J. (2001). Unified Huntington’s disease rating scale: reliability and consistency. Neurology, 11(2), 136-142. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.870110204
Kirkwood, S. C., Su, J. L., Conneally, P. M., & Foroud, T. (2001). Progression of symptoms in the early and middle stages of Huntington disease. Archives of neurology, 58(2), 273-278. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.58.2.273
Kordsachia, C. C., Labuschagne, I., & Stout, J. C. (2017). Beyond emotion recognition deficits: A theory guided analysis of emotion processing in Huntington’s disease. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 73, 276-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.020
López, M. B., Filippetti, A., & Richaud, M. (2014). Empatía: desde la percepción automática hasta los procesos controlados. Avances de psicologia latinoamericana, 32 (1), 37-51. . https://doi.org/10.12804/apl32.1.2014.03
Marín, C. (2017). Tratamiento Neuropsicológico en la Enfermedad de Huntington: Una revisión sistemática. Revista de Discapacidad, Clínica y Neurociencias:(RDCN), 4(1), 57-70. https://doi.org/10.14198/DCN.2017.4.1.05
Maurage, P., Lahaye, M., Grynberg, D., Jeanjean, A., Guettat, L., Verellen-Dumoulin, C., Halkin, S., Heeren, A., Billieux, J., Constant, E. (2016). Dissociating emotional and cognitive empathy in pre-clinical and clinical Huntington’s disease. Psychiatry research, 237, 103-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.01.070
Mehrabian, A., & Epstein, N. (1972). A measure of emotional empathy. Journal of Personality, 40(4), 525–543. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1972.tb00078.x
Melgarejo, M. M. P., Herrera, A. M. T., & Ospino, J. M. O. (2017). Calidad de Vida en pacientes con enfermedad de Huntington y sus cuidadores residentes en el departamento del Magdalena. Revista del Hospital Psiquiátrico de La Habana, 13(3). https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumen.cgi?IDARTICULO=70192
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 339, b2535. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2535
Murcia, E., Báez, S., & Ibáñez, A. (2015). Empathy in Huntington‘s disease families: study in the Colombian Caribbean. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 357-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.945
Pick, E., Kleinbub, J. R., Mannarini, S., & Palmieri, A. (2019). Empathy in neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 15, 3287-3304. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S225920
Pupo, J. M. R., Rojas, Y. V. D., Rodríguez, Y. R., Batista, Y. R., & Arias, E. N. (2014). Actualización en enfermedad de Huntington. Correo Científico Médico, 17(4), Article 4. http://www.revcocmed.sld.cu/index.php/cocmed/article/view/1483
Pradilla, G. A., Vesga, B. A., & León-Sarmiento, F. E. (2003). National neuroepidemiological study in Colombia (EPINEURO). Revista panamericana de salud pública, 14(2), 104-111. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1020-49892003000700005
Rawlins, M. D., Wexler, N. S., Wexler, A. R., Tabrizi, S. J., Douglas, I., Evans, S. J., & Smeeth, L. (2016). The prevalence of Huntington's disease. Neuroepidemiology, 46(2), 144-153. https://doi.org/10.1159/000443738
Saft, C., Lissek, S., Hoffmann, R., Nicolas, V., Tegenthoff, M., Juckel, G., & Brüne, M. (2013). Mentalizing in preclinical Huntington’s disease: an fMRI study using cartoon picture stories. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 7(2), 154-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-012-9209-9
Shanok, N. A., Jones, N. A., & Lucas, N. N. (2019). The Nature of Facial Emotion Recognition Impairments in Children on the Autism Spectrum. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 50(4), 661-667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-019-00870-z
Stotland, E. (1969). Exploratory investigations of empathy. Advances in experimental social psychology, 4(1), 271-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60080-5
Suárez, N. R., Palacios-García, J., & Morante, M. (2016). Cuidados paliativos en la enfermedad de Huntington: perspectivas desde la atención primaria de salud. Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría, 79(4), 230-238. http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v79i4.2977
Trinkler, I., De Langavant, L., & Bachoud-Lévi, A. C. (2013). Joint recognition–expression impairment of facial emotions in Huntington's disease despite intact understanding of feelings. Cortex, 49(2), 549-558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2011.12.003
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Nov 23, 2021
Publicado
Nov 23, 2021
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PSICOLOGÍA