Tradiciones en el estudio del trabajo en plataformas digitales: una revisión de literatura
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Keywords
Capitalismo de plataformas, condiciones de trabajo, plataformas digitales, precarización laboral, trabajo
Resumen
El fenómeno de la mediación de internet en la relación persona-trabajo exige analizar las formas de organización laboral que se presentan en circunstancias diferentes a las del trabajo tradicional. El trabajo en plataformas digitales es una de esas formas, por ello, el objetivo de este artículo de revisión de literatura fue analizar las perspectivas desde las que se ha abordado este concepto en el mundo científico. Para esta revisión de la literatura se optó por un enfoque cualitativo haciendo uso de un método metanarrativo, se utilizó la base de datos Scopus y procedimientos del Tree of Science para hallar un corpus de 80 documentos procesados con análisis de contenido y estadística descriptiva. Los hallazgos indican que el concepto se estudia principalmente desde dos tradiciones. La primera, describe que se trata de un nuevo tipo de trabajo que produce precarización laboral o de un nuevo sujeto trabajador que sufre ante condiciones de trabajo precarias; la segunda explicita que aún se precisan otros abordajes comprensivos para esta forma de trabajo. Se analizó el adjetivo nuevo encontrado en dichas tradiciones y la necesidad de enmarcar esta forma de organizar el trabajo desde una perspectiva histórica-económica. Se estipula que la complejidad del concepto abre la posibilidad de explorar otras comprensiones en futuras agendas investigativas.
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