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Uso de baterías alcalinas agotadas para activar carbón de granza de arroz
Corresponding Author(s) : Jose Leiton
jose.leiton@ucr.ac.cr
Investigación e Innovación en Ingenierías,
Vol. 9 Núm. 2 (2021): Julio - Diciembre
Resumen
Objetivo: Utilizar desechos agroindustriales y baterías alcalinas agotadas como materia prima para producir carbón activado. Metodología: Como primer paso, granza de arroz fue calcinada por 6 horas a 300 °C en atmósfera de nitrógeno. Posteriormente fue activada a 600 °C por dos horas luego de ser inmersa en una disolución de ácido clorhídrico y cloruro de zinc [1,0 mol L-1]. El cloruro de zinc se obtuvo al tratar la pasta interna de baterías alcalinas agotadas con ácido clorhídrico [3,0 mol L-1]. En contraste, los activadores hidróxido de potasio, extraído de las baterías alcalinas agotadas, y el dióxido de carbono gaseoso no produjeron carbón activado bajo las mismas condiciones. Las fibras de la hoja de piña no produjeron carbón activado cuando fueron sujetas a las condiciones descritas anteriormente. Resultados: Carbón activado de granza de arroz con una superficie de 315 m2 g-1 y rico en sílice amorfo. Conclusiones: Es posible convertir granza de arroz en carbón activado con la ayuda de cloruro de zinc obtenido de baterías alcalinas descartadas. El uso de dos desechos para producir carbón activado no está descrito en la literatura científica. Se requiere más ensayos para determinar las condiciones que producirán carbón activado con la mayor superficie.
Palabras clave
carbón activado, baterías alcalinas agotadas, granza de arroz
[1]
J. Leiton, «Uso de baterías alcalinas agotadas para activar carbón de granza de arroz», Investigación e Innovación en Ingenierías, vol. 9, n.º 2, pp. 221–227, nov. 2021.
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Referencias
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[1] Koehlert. K. ¨Activated carbon: Fundamentals and New applications¨ Chemical Eng, Jul. 2017, pp. 32-40. [Online]. Available: https://tinyurl.com/carbon-activado
[2] Yahya, M. A., Al-Qodah, Z., Ngah, C. W. Z., “Agricultural bio-waste materials as potential sustainable precursors used for activated carbon production: A Review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 46, pp.218-235. Jun. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.02.051
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[6] Ukanwa, K., S., Patchigolla, K., Sakrabani, R., Anthony, E. and Mandavgane S., ¨A Review of Chemicals to Produce Activated Carbon from Agricultural Waste Biomass¨ Sustainability, vol. 11, p. 6204, Nov. 2019. [Online] DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226204.
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[8] Zellner, T., Prasa, D., Färber, E., Hoffmann-Walbeck, P., Genser, D. and Eyer F. ¨The Use of Activated Charcoal to Treat Intoxications¨ Dtsch. Artzbl. Int., vol. 116, no. 8, pp 311-317, May 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2019.0311
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[10] Kaur, H., Hippargy, G., Pophali, G. and Bansiwal, A. K. ¨Chapter 6 – Treatment methods for removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from domestic wastewater.¨ in Biochar from Biomass and Waste. Ed. Elsevier, 2019, pp. 129-150. [Online] DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816189-0.00006-8
[11] Cao, X, Sun, S. and Sun, R. ¨Application of biochar-based catalysts in biomass upgrading: a review¨ RSC Advances, vol. 7, pp. 48793-48805, Oct. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra09307a
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[13] Aragón-Garita, S., Moya, R., Bond, B., Valaert, J. and Filho M. T. ¨Production and quality analusis of pellets manufactured from five potential energy crops in the Northern Region of Costa Rica.¨Biomas and Bioenergy, no. 87, pp. 84-95, Apr. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.02.006
[14] Barz, M., Delivand, M. K., Dinkler, K. ¨Agricultural Wastes -A Promising Source for Biogas Production in Developing Countries of the Tropical and Subtropical Regions¨ Revista Forestal Mesoamericana Kurú, vol 16, no. 38, pp. 02-12, Jan. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18845/rfmk.v16i38.3991.
[15] Amirza, M., Adib, M., Hamdam, R. ¨Application of Agricultural Wastes Activated Carbon for Dye Removal -An Overview.¨ in MATEC Web of Conferences, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201710306013
[16] Alam, M., Hossain, A., Hossain, D., Johir, A. H., Hossen, J., Rahman, S., Zhou, J., Hasan, A., Ka,akar, A., K. and Ahmed, M, B. ¨The Potentiality of Rice Husk-Derived Activated Carbon: From Synthesis to Application¨Processes, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1-39. Feb. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8020203
[17] INEC. Importaciones de baterías. [Database]. Available: http://sistemas.inec.cr/SICCE_Hacienda/SICCE_Hacienda/.
[18] PEN. Estado de la Nación 2019. [Online]. Available: https://estadonacion.or.cr/informes/.
[19] Duracell. ¨Duracell Typical Chemical Composition.¨ Accessed: Feb. 10, 2020: [Online]. Available: http://tinyurl.com/Duracell-composition.
[20] OECD Economic Surveys Costa Rica 2018 [Online]. Available: https://www.comex.go.cr/media/6035/final-english-survey-cr-2018.pdf
[21] Rinawati R., Hidayat, D., Supriyanto, R., Permana D. F. and Yunita R. D. (2019) ¨Adsorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons using Low-Cost Activated Carbon Derived from Rice Husk. ¨ J. of Physics: Conf. Series. [Online]. Available: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1338/1/012005/pdf.
[22] Mon, E. E. ¨Study on the Silica from Rice Husk Ash by XRD and XRF¨Int. J. od Scientific & Eng. Res., vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1535-1537. Jun. 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.ijser.org/researchpaper/Study-on-the-Silica-from-Rice-Husk-Ash-by-XRD-and-XRF.pdf
Referencias
[1] Koehlert. K. ¨Activated carbon: Fundamentals and New applications¨ Chemical Eng, Jul. 2017, pp. 32-40. [Online]. Available: https://tinyurl.com/carbon-activado
[2] Yahya, M. A., Al-Qodah, Z., Ngah, C. W. Z., “Agricultural bio-waste materials as potential sustainable precursors used for activated carbon production: A Review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 46, pp.218-235. Jun. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.02.051
[3] Bubanale, S. ¨History, Method of Production, Structure and Applications of Activated Carbon¨ Int. J. of Eng. Res. & Tech. vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 495-498. Jun. 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.ijert.org/research/history-method-of-production-structure-and-applications-of-activated-carbon-IJERTV6IS060277.pdf
[4] McNaught, A. D. and Wilkinson. A. IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications. Jul. 2019. [Online]. Available: http://goldbook.iupac.org.
[5] Van, K. L. and Thu, L. T. ¨Preparation of Pore-Size Controllable Activated Carbon from Rice Husk Using Dual Activating Agent and Its Application in Supercapacitor¨ Hindawi J. of Chemistry, pp. 1-11, Jan. 2019. [Online], DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4329609.
[6] Ukanwa, K., S., Patchigolla, K., Sakrabani, R., Anthony, E. and Mandavgane S., ¨A Review of Chemicals to Produce Activated Carbon from Agricultural Waste Biomass¨ Sustainability, vol. 11, p. 6204, Nov. 2019. [Online] DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226204.
[7] Vidal, M. V., Rodríguez A., Martínez, K., Ocampo, J. and Barrios W. ¨Potencial de residuos agroindustriales para la síntesis de Carbón Activado: una revisión¨ Scientia et Technica, vol. 23, pp. 411-419, Set. 2018.
[8] Zellner, T., Prasa, D., Färber, E., Hoffmann-Walbeck, P., Genser, D. and Eyer F. ¨The Use of Activated Charcoal to Treat Intoxications¨ Dtsch. Artzbl. Int., vol. 116, no. 8, pp 311-317, May 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2019.0311
[ 9] Tareq, R., Akter, N., Azam, S. ¨Chapter 10 - Biochars and Biochar Composites: Low-Cost Adsorbents for Environmental Remediation.¨ in Biochar from Biomass and Waste. Ed. Elsevier, 2019, pp. 169-209. [Online] DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811729-3.00010-8
[10] Kaur, H., Hippargy, G., Pophali, G. and Bansiwal, A. K. ¨Chapter 6 – Treatment methods for removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from domestic wastewater.¨ in Biochar from Biomass and Waste. Ed. Elsevier, 2019, pp. 129-150. [Online] DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816189-0.00006-8
[11] Cao, X, Sun, S. and Sun, R. ¨Application of biochar-based catalysts in biomass upgrading: a review¨ RSC Advances, vol. 7, pp. 48793-48805, Oct. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra09307a
[12] Nadeem, F., Hussain, S., Tiwari, P., Goswami, A. and Ustun, T. ¨Comparative Review of Energy Storage Systems, Their Roles, and Impacts on Future Power Systems.¨ IEEE Access, no. 7, pp. 4555-4585. Jan. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2888497.
[13] Aragón-Garita, S., Moya, R., Bond, B., Valaert, J. and Filho M. T. ¨Production and quality analusis of pellets manufactured from five potential energy crops in the Northern Region of Costa Rica.¨Biomas and Bioenergy, no. 87, pp. 84-95, Apr. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.02.006
[14] Barz, M., Delivand, M. K., Dinkler, K. ¨Agricultural Wastes -A Promising Source for Biogas Production in Developing Countries of the Tropical and Subtropical Regions¨ Revista Forestal Mesoamericana Kurú, vol 16, no. 38, pp. 02-12, Jan. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18845/rfmk.v16i38.3991.
[15] Amirza, M., Adib, M., Hamdam, R. ¨Application of Agricultural Wastes Activated Carbon for Dye Removal -An Overview.¨ in MATEC Web of Conferences, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201710306013
[16] Alam, M., Hossain, A., Hossain, D., Johir, A. H., Hossen, J., Rahman, S., Zhou, J., Hasan, A., Ka,akar, A., K. and Ahmed, M, B. ¨The Potentiality of Rice Husk-Derived Activated Carbon: From Synthesis to Application¨Processes, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1-39. Feb. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8020203
[17] INEC. Importaciones de baterías. [Database]. Available: http://sistemas.inec.cr/SICCE_Hacienda/SICCE_Hacienda/.
[18] PEN. Estado de la Nación 2019. [Online]. Available: https://estadonacion.or.cr/informes/.
[19] Duracell. ¨Duracell Typical Chemical Composition.¨ Accessed: Feb. 10, 2020: [Online]. Available: http://tinyurl.com/Duracell-composition.
[20] OECD Economic Surveys Costa Rica 2018 [Online]. Available: https://www.comex.go.cr/media/6035/final-english-survey-cr-2018.pdf
[21] Rinawati R., Hidayat, D., Supriyanto, R., Permana D. F. and Yunita R. D. (2019) ¨Adsorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons using Low-Cost Activated Carbon Derived from Rice Husk. ¨ J. of Physics: Conf. Series. [Online]. Available: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1338/1/012005/pdf.
[22] Mon, E. E. ¨Study on the Silica from Rice Husk Ash by XRD and XRF¨Int. J. od Scientific & Eng. Res., vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1535-1537. Jun. 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.ijser.org/researchpaper/Study-on-the-Silica-from-Rice-Husk-Ash-by-XRD-and-XRF.pdf
[2] Yahya, M. A., Al-Qodah, Z., Ngah, C. W. Z., “Agricultural bio-waste materials as potential sustainable precursors used for activated carbon production: A Review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 46, pp.218-235. Jun. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.02.051
[3] Bubanale, S. ¨History, Method of Production, Structure and Applications of Activated Carbon¨ Int. J. of Eng. Res. & Tech. vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 495-498. Jun. 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.ijert.org/research/history-method-of-production-structure-and-applications-of-activated-carbon-IJERTV6IS060277.pdf
[4] McNaught, A. D. and Wilkinson. A. IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications. Jul. 2019. [Online]. Available: http://goldbook.iupac.org.
[5] Van, K. L. and Thu, L. T. ¨Preparation of Pore-Size Controllable Activated Carbon from Rice Husk Using Dual Activating Agent and Its Application in Supercapacitor¨ Hindawi J. of Chemistry, pp. 1-11, Jan. 2019. [Online], DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4329609.
[6] Ukanwa, K., S., Patchigolla, K., Sakrabani, R., Anthony, E. and Mandavgane S., ¨A Review of Chemicals to Produce Activated Carbon from Agricultural Waste Biomass¨ Sustainability, vol. 11, p. 6204, Nov. 2019. [Online] DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226204.
[7] Vidal, M. V., Rodríguez A., Martínez, K., Ocampo, J. and Barrios W. ¨Potencial de residuos agroindustriales para la síntesis de Carbón Activado: una revisión¨ Scientia et Technica, vol. 23, pp. 411-419, Set. 2018.
[8] Zellner, T., Prasa, D., Färber, E., Hoffmann-Walbeck, P., Genser, D. and Eyer F. ¨The Use of Activated Charcoal to Treat Intoxications¨ Dtsch. Artzbl. Int., vol. 116, no. 8, pp 311-317, May 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2019.0311
[ 9] Tareq, R., Akter, N., Azam, S. ¨Chapter 10 - Biochars and Biochar Composites: Low-Cost Adsorbents for Environmental Remediation.¨ in Biochar from Biomass and Waste. Ed. Elsevier, 2019, pp. 169-209. [Online] DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811729-3.00010-8
[10] Kaur, H., Hippargy, G., Pophali, G. and Bansiwal, A. K. ¨Chapter 6 – Treatment methods for removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from domestic wastewater.¨ in Biochar from Biomass and Waste. Ed. Elsevier, 2019, pp. 129-150. [Online] DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816189-0.00006-8
[11] Cao, X, Sun, S. and Sun, R. ¨Application of biochar-based catalysts in biomass upgrading: a review¨ RSC Advances, vol. 7, pp. 48793-48805, Oct. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra09307a
[12] Nadeem, F., Hussain, S., Tiwari, P., Goswami, A. and Ustun, T. ¨Comparative Review of Energy Storage Systems, Their Roles, and Impacts on Future Power Systems.¨ IEEE Access, no. 7, pp. 4555-4585. Jan. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2888497.
[13] Aragón-Garita, S., Moya, R., Bond, B., Valaert, J. and Filho M. T. ¨Production and quality analusis of pellets manufactured from five potential energy crops in the Northern Region of Costa Rica.¨Biomas and Bioenergy, no. 87, pp. 84-95, Apr. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.02.006
[14] Barz, M., Delivand, M. K., Dinkler, K. ¨Agricultural Wastes -A Promising Source for Biogas Production in Developing Countries of the Tropical and Subtropical Regions¨ Revista Forestal Mesoamericana Kurú, vol 16, no. 38, pp. 02-12, Jan. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18845/rfmk.v16i38.3991.
[15] Amirza, M., Adib, M., Hamdam, R. ¨Application of Agricultural Wastes Activated Carbon for Dye Removal -An Overview.¨ in MATEC Web of Conferences, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201710306013
[16] Alam, M., Hossain, A., Hossain, D., Johir, A. H., Hossen, J., Rahman, S., Zhou, J., Hasan, A., Ka,akar, A., K. and Ahmed, M, B. ¨The Potentiality of Rice Husk-Derived Activated Carbon: From Synthesis to Application¨Processes, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1-39. Feb. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8020203
[17] INEC. Importaciones de baterías. [Database]. Available: http://sistemas.inec.cr/SICCE_Hacienda/SICCE_Hacienda/.
[18] PEN. Estado de la Nación 2019. [Online]. Available: https://estadonacion.or.cr/informes/.
[19] Duracell. ¨Duracell Typical Chemical Composition.¨ Accessed: Feb. 10, 2020: [Online]. Available: http://tinyurl.com/Duracell-composition.
[20] OECD Economic Surveys Costa Rica 2018 [Online]. Available: https://www.comex.go.cr/media/6035/final-english-survey-cr-2018.pdf
[21] Rinawati R., Hidayat, D., Supriyanto, R., Permana D. F. and Yunita R. D. (2019) ¨Adsorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons using Low-Cost Activated Carbon Derived from Rice Husk. ¨ J. of Physics: Conf. Series. [Online]. Available: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1338/1/012005/pdf.
[22] Mon, E. E. ¨Study on the Silica from Rice Husk Ash by XRD and XRF¨Int. J. od Scientific & Eng. Res., vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1535-1537. Jun. 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.ijser.org/researchpaper/Study-on-the-Silica-from-Rice-Husk-Ash-by-XRD-and-XRF.pdf