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Análisis Comparativo de las Propiedades de Crudos Convencionales y No Convencionales y su Impacto en el Procesamiento y Refinación

Jayson fals Guerra
Universidad del Atlántico
Luis Gutiérrez-Beleño
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Mayerlenis Jiménez Rojas
Universidad de Antioquía
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Objetivo: Este trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar un analisis comparativo de las propiedades de los crudos y sus cortes, tanto de origen convencional y no convencional, y establecer las principales diferencias que podrían tener influencia en cada una de las etapas que inician desde la extracción del yacimiento hasta su refinación, incluyendo el craqueo catalítico. Metodología: Las alimentaciones se obtuvieron a escala de laboratorio mediante una adaptación de la norma ASTM D2892-18 y su posterior caracterización empleando diversas técnicas analíticas. Una vez obtenidas y caracterizadas las alimentaciones fueron evaluadas catalíticamente en un reactor de lecho fijo tipo MAT. Resultados: Los hidrocarburos provenientes de yacimientos no convencionales presentaron una elevada concentración de n-parafinas que durante las etapas de destilación favorecieron la formación de hidrocarburos más livianos y disminuyeron la cantidad de residuos. Durante la evaluación catalítica estas alimentaciones no convencionales mostraron una elevada selectividad a gases y menor selectividad a combustibles líquidos, sumado a una menor calidad del corte gasolina. Conclusión: El exceso de parafinas presentes en los hidrocarburos extraídos por fracking se convierte en un aspecto negativo que podría ocasionar considerables pérdidas económicas en la industria petrolera. La elevada producción de gases y baja selectividad a combustibles líquidos y coque afectaría la operatividad normal del proceso teniendo en cuenta que fueron diseñadas para la producción de combustibles líquidos.

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Cómo citar
[1]
J. fals Guerra, L. Gutiérrez-Beleño, y M. Jiménez Rojas, «Análisis Comparativo de las Propiedades de Crudos Convencionales y No Convencionales y su Impacto en el Procesamiento y Refinación», Investigación e Innovación en Ingenierías, vol. 12, n.º 2, nov. 2024.

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