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Purification of biogas using Cyanobacteria
Corresponding Author(s) : José Leiton
Investigación e Innovación en Ingenierías,
Vol. 7 No. 2 (2019): July - December
Abstract
Objective: Investigate biological techniques to purify biogas. Methodology: Biogas with low carbon dioxide concentration was bubbled in two aqueous mediums containing different strains of Leptolyngbya sp. filamentous cyanobacteria and the results were compared with a blank. Results y Conclusions: Biogas that was partially purified, reduced its carbon dioxide concentration further from 20 % to < 10 % after being in contact with cyanobacteria and, at the same time, the oxygen produced during photosynthesis was kept below the explosion limit for the methane-oxygen mixture. In contrast, the blank used to purify the biogas was saturated with carbon dioxide, causing a drop in pH as time elapsed. Methane content of the purified biogas was over 90 %. Its purity was measured with a volumetric method. The two strains of cyanobacteria used had a dry basis composition of protein ? 25 % and lipids < 2 %.
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- P. Sar, S. Kazy, K. D. Paul & A. Sarkar, "Metal bioremediation by thermophilic microorganisms, In Thermophilic Microbes in Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology", Dordrecht, Netherlands, Springer, pp. 171-201, 2013.
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References
Basic Data on Biogas, Svenskt Gastekniskt Center AB [Internet], Malmö, Sweden. 2012. Available: < https://tinyurl.com/biogas-suecia > [Accessed February 14th, 2019]
C. Mao, Y. Feng, X. Wang & G. Ren “Review on research achievements of biogas from anaerobic digestion”, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev, Vol. 45, pp. 540-555, 2015. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.02.032.
J. Ogejo, Z. Wen, J. Ignosh, E. Bendfeldt & E. Collins (2009) Biomethane Technology [Internet], Blacksburg, VA, pp. 442–881. Available: < https://tinyurl.com/biomethane-Vtech> [Accessed February 14th, 2019]
N. Abatzoglou & S. Boivin, ”A review of biogas purification process”, Biofuels, Bioproduction & Biorefinery, Vol. 3, pp., 42–71. 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.117.
Q. Zhao, E. Leonhardt, C. MacConnell, C. Frear & S, Purification Technologies for Biogas Generated by Anaerobic Digestion, Climate Friendly Farming Improvement Carbon Footprint. Agric. Pacific Northwest., 2010. CSANR Res. Report 2010-00. Available: <http://www.build-a-biogas-plant.com/PDF/BiogasPurificationTech2010.PDF> [Accessed February 20th, 2019]
E. Ryckebosch, M. Drouillon & H. Vervaeren ”Techniques for transformation of biogas to biomethane”, Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 35, pp. 1633–1645, 2011. Available: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.02.033> [Accessed February 14th, 2019]
M. Beil & U. Hoffstede, Technical success of the applied biogas upgrading methods, Biogasmax, Europe, 2010. Available:< https://tinyurl.com/biogasmax > [Accessed February 14th, 2019][8]
G. Mann, M. Schlegel, R. Schumann & A Sakalauskas. “Biogas-conditioning with microalgae”, Agronomy Research, Vol. 7, 2009, pp. 33–38.
A. Converti, R. Oliveira, B. Torres, A Lodi & M. Zilli, “Biogas production and valorization by means of a two-step biological process“, Bioresource Technology, Vol 100, pp. 5771-6, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.05.072.
M. Koller, A. Salerno, P. Tuffner, M. Koinigg, H. Böchzelt, S. Schober, S. Pieber, H. Schnitzer, M. Mittelbach & G. Braunegg, Characteristics and potential of micro algal cultivation strategies: a review, J. Clean. Prod. 37, pp. 377-388, 2012.
L. Christenson & R. Sims. ”Production and harvesting of microalgae for wastewater treatment, biofuels, and bioproducts“, Biotechnology Advances, Vol. 29, pp. 686-702, 2011.
S. Dubey, J. Dubey, S. Mehra, P. Tiwari & A. Bishwa ¨Potential use of cyanobacterial species in bioremediation of industrial effluents¨, African J. Biotech, vol. 10, no.7, pp. 1125-1132, 2011.
S. Radman & R. Al-Hasan, "Oil pollution and Cyanobacteria, The ecology of cyanobacteria: their diversity in time and space, Dordrecht", Netherlands, Springer, pp. 307-319, 2000.
P. Sar, S. Kazy, K. D. Paul & A. Sarkar, "Metal bioremediation by thermophilic microorganisms, In Thermophilic Microbes in Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology", Dordrecht, Netherlands, Springer, pp. 171-201, 2013.
B.A Whitton. & M. Potts, "Introduction to the Cyanobacteria, The Ecology of Cyanobacteria, Dordrecht", Netherlands, Springer, 2000, pp. 1–11.
P. Da Rós, C. Silva, M. Silva, M. Fiore & H. de Castro, (2013) Assessment of Chemical and Physico-Chemical Properties of Cyanobacterial Lipids for Biodiesel Production, 17- Mar Drugs [Internet] Vol. 11(7), pp. 2365-2381 Available: <http://tinyurl.com/pd73on2> [Accessed February 14th, 2019]
C. Jones & S. Mayfield ¨Algae biofuels: versatility for the future of bioenergy¨, Current Opinion In Biotech, Vol. 23, no.3, pp. 346–351. 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.10.013
J. Willis, L. Stone, K. Durden, N. Beecher, C. Hemenway & R. Greenwood, Barriers to Biogas Use for Renewable Energy, Water Environment Reuse Foundation, OWSO11C10, 2012. Available: <https://tinyurl.com/biogas-barriers-rep> [Accessed February 20, 2019]
C. Cooper & P. Wiezevich "Effects of Temperature and Pressure on the Upper Explosive Limit of Methane-Oxygen Mixtures", Industrial Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 21, no.12, pp. 1210-1214, 1929
R. Riding, ¨A Hard Life for Cyanobacteria¨, Science, Vol. 336 (6080), 2012, pp. 427-428.
M. Badger & D. Price "CO2 concentrating mechanisms in cyanobacteria: molecular components, their diversity and evolution", J. Exp. Botany, Vol. 54, no. 383, pp. 609-622, 2002
B. Mukherjee & J. Moroney, Algal Carbon Dioxide Concentrating Mechanisms. Chichester UK, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0000314.pub3
C. Gónzalez-López, F. Acién-Fernández., J. Fernández-Sevilla, J. Sánchez-Fernández, M. Cerón-García & E. Molina-García, "Utilization of the cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. ATCC 33047 in CO2 removal processes", Bioresource Technology, Vol. 100, no. 23, pp. 5904-5910, 2009.
M. Sánchez-Mirón, A. Cerón-García, F. Contreras-Gómez, F. García-Camacho, E. Molina-Grima & Y. Chisti, "Shear stress tolerance and biochemical characterization of Phaedactylum tricornutum in quasi steady-state continuous culture in outdoor photoreactors", Biochem Engineering, Vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 287-297, 2003
S. Morales, Diversidad Morfológica y Posición filogenética de cianobacterias encontradas en fuentes termales y volcanes de Costa Rica, Master Thesis in Microbiology. Retrieved from University of Costa Rica Library, 2008.
R. Rippka, J. Deruelles, J. Waterbury, M. Herdman & R. Stanier ¨Generic Assignments, Strain Histories and Properties of Pure Cultures of Cyanobacteria¨, Microbiology Vol. 111, pp 1-6. 1976. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-111-1-1
M. Abel-Hadi, "A simple apparatus for biogas quality determination", Misr J. of Agricultural Engineering, Vol. 25, pp.1055–1066, 2008.
S. Van Wychem, M. Laurens, Determination of total Solids and Ash in Algal Biomass, NREL, Denver, CO, 2013- Available: < https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/60956.pdf> [Accessed February 20, 2019]
C. Gónzalez-López, M. Cerón-García, F. Ancién-Fernández, C. Segovia-Bustos, Y. Chisti & J. Fernández-Sevilla ¨Protein measurements of microalgal and cyanobacterial biomass¨, Bioresource Technology. Vol 101, pp. 7587-7591, 2010
E. Bligh & W. J Dyer, "A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification", Canadian J. Biochem. Phys, Vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 911-917, 1959