Acoso laboral por género: una revisión de los factores asociados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17081/just.30.48.8196Palabras clave:
Acoso sexual, cultura organizacional, políticas, violencia de géneroResumen
Objetivo: examinar factores que inciden en el acoso laboral por razones de género, sus efectos individuales y organizacionales, e identificar medidas de intervención en la literatura, con el fin de proponer un modelo conceptual que estructure el fenómeno. Método: se analizó de manera sistemática la literatura relevante disponible en Scopus. La búsqueda, con los términos [mobbing OR “workplace harassment” AND gender], arrojó 245 publicaciones. Se establecieron criterios específicos para incorporar o descartar estudios, priorizando aquellos cuyo resumen tratara directamente el acoso laboral vinculado al género. Mediante una fórmula en Excel se identificaron y conservaron 66 artículos con términos clave como “gender-based harassment” o “sexual harassment”. El análisis se organizó por mapeo temático en tres categorías: factores que configuran el acoso, consecuencias individuales y organizacionales, e intervenciones documentadas. Resultados: el acoso laboral por género emerge como una forma de violencia que afecta la salud psicosocial y debilita la dinámica organizacional. Se identificaron como factores clave la cultura permisiva, jerarquías rígidas, percepción de impunidad y falta de políticas de igualdad. Las consecuencias incluyen desgaste emocional, rotación de personal y daño reputacional. Se propone un modelo conceptual que organiza estas variables y orienta investigaciones futuras. Conclusiones: el acoso laboral por razones de género es un fenómeno complejo vinculado a desigualdades estructurales. El análisis resalta la importancia de desarrollar estudios que consideren los contextos culturales específicos, especialmente del Sur Global, y de fortalecer políticas organizacionales que promuevan entornos laborales seguros, inclusivos y con igualdad sustantiva.
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