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Copyright (c) 2020 Jennifer Orozco Páez, Leonora Contreras de la Rosa, Josefyn López Banda
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Salivary pH as an improvement parameter in patients with periodontitis: A pilot study
Corresponding Author(s) : Jennifer Orozco Páez
Ciencia e Innovación en Salud,
2020
Abstract
Background: The pH is a chemical parameter of saliva widely studied at present, its normal range is between 6.5 and 7.2. Its alteration has been linked to different oral pathologies, such as periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the usefulness of salivary pH measurement as an indicator of improvement in patients with periodontitis and to estimate its possible relationship with the biofilm index and the number of periodontal pockets.
Methods: A descriptive-comparative pilot study was conducted on forty adult patients; one group was conformed by twenty patients with gingivitis and the second one by twenty patients with chronic periodontitis. In both groups was determined the biofilm index, was performed periodontal probing and a salivary sample was taken for salivary pH measurement, before and after periodontal treatment.
Results: the results showed that of 20 periodontitis patients evaluated, 6 (30%) had an initial alkaline pH greater than 7,6 and a moderate positive relationship with the biofilm index was observed (r=0.5277). After treatment, 15(75%) periodontitis patients and 14 (70%) gingivitis patients presented a decrease in this parameter.
Conclusions: there is a variation in the salivary pH after periodontal treatment tending to its restoration, this probably occurs in response to periodontal tissue repair, therefore, pH is a salivary parameter that has potential for monitoring patients with periodontal disease.
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- Caton JG, et al. A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions - Introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification. J Periodontol. 2018;89 Suppl 1:S1-S8. DOI:10.1002/JPER.18-0157
- Nazir MA. Prevalence of periodontal disease, its association with systemic diseases and prevention. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2017;11(2):72-80. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5426403/
- Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social MINSALUD. IV Estudio Nacional De Salud Bucal - ENSAB IV. “Para Saber Cómo Estamos y Saber que Hacemos.” Colombia. 2014. pp 77-84.
- Zhang L, Li X, Yan H, Huang L. Salivary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 as a biomarker for periodontitis: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(3):e9642. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000009642
- Korte DL, Kinney J. Personalized medicine: an update of salivary biomarkers for periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000. 2016;70(1):26-37. DOI: 10.1111/prd.12103
- Podzimek S, Vondrackova L, Duskova J, Janatova T, Broukal Z. Salivary Markers for Periodontal and General Diseases. Dis Markers. 2016. DOI: 10.1155/2016/9179632
- Prasad M, Toshi, Sehgal R, Mallik M, Tabinda A, Sneha Singh. Periodontal disease and salivary pH: Case control study. IAIM, 2019; 6(2): 1-6. https://iaimjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/iaim_2019_0602_01.pdf
- Baliga S, Muglikar S, Kale R. Salivary pH: A diagnostic biomarker. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2013;17(4):461-5. DOI: 10.4103/0972-124X.118317
- Shazam H, Shaikh F, Hussain Z. Bone Turnover Markers in Chronic Periodontitis: A Literature Review. Cureus. 2020; 12(1): e6699. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6699
- Cormos G. The contribution of salivary pH in periodontal health assessment. Rev Chim. 2016;67(9):1697-1700.
- https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a19d/019bb1f73ced20a170eecca97d6231d161da.pdf
- Patel RM, Varma S, Suragimath G, Zope S. Estimation and comparison of salivary calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase and pH levels in periodontal health and disease: A cross-sectional biochemical study. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2016;10(7):ZC58–61. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/20973.8182
- Seethalakshmi C, Reddy RC, Asifa N, Prabhu S. Correlation of Salivary pH, Incidence of Dental Caries and Periodontal Status in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-sectional Study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Mar;10(3):ZC12-4. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/16310.7351
- Martina E, Campanati A, Diotallevi F, Offidani A. Saliva and Oral Diseases. J Clin Med. 2020;9(2). pii: E466. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020466
- Foglio-Bonda PL, Brilli K, Pattarino F, Foglio-Bonda A. Salivary flow rate and pH in patients with oral pathologies. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2017 Jan;21(2):369-374. http://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/369-374-Salivary-flow-rate-and-pH-in-patients-with-oral-pathologies.pdf
- Pandey P, Reddy NV, Rao VA, Saxena A, Chaudhary CP. Estimation of salivary flow rate, pH, buffer capacity, calcium, total protein content and total antioxidant capacity in relation to dental caries severity, age and gender. Contemp Clin Dent. 2015;6(Suppl 1):S65-71. DOI: 10.4103/0976-237X.152943.
- Fiyaz M, Ramesh A, Ramalingam K, Thomas B, Shetty S, Prakash P. Association of salivary calcium, phosphate, pH and flow rate on oral health: A study on 90 subjects. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2013;17(4):454-60. DOI: 10.4103/0972-124X.118316
- Armitage GC. Periodontal diagnoses and classification of periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000. 2004;34:9-21. DOI:10.1046/j.0906-6713.2002.003421.x
- Dawes C, et al. The functions of human saliva: A review sponsored by the World Workshop on Oral Medicine VI. Arch Oral Biol. 2015;60(6):863-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.03.004
- Dawes C, Wong DT. Role of saliva and salivary diagnostics in the advancement of oral health. J Dent Res. 2019;98(2):133-41. DOI: 10.1177/0022034518816961
- García S, Bravo F, Ayala J, Bardales G. pH en saliva total en pacientes con enfermedad periodontal del Servicio de Periodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología de la UNMSM. Odontol. Sanmarquina 2008; 11(1): 19-21.
- https://revistasinvestigacion.unmsm.edu.pe/index.php/odont/article/view/3079.
- Marsh PD, Do T, Beighton D, Devine DA. Influence of saliva on the oral microbiota. Periodontol 2000. 2016;70(1):80-92. DOI: 10.1111/prd.12098
References
Caton JG, et al. A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions - Introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification. J Periodontol. 2018;89 Suppl 1:S1-S8. DOI:10.1002/JPER.18-0157
Nazir MA. Prevalence of periodontal disease, its association with systemic diseases and prevention. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2017;11(2):72-80. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5426403/
Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social MINSALUD. IV Estudio Nacional De Salud Bucal - ENSAB IV. “Para Saber Cómo Estamos y Saber que Hacemos.” Colombia. 2014. pp 77-84.
Zhang L, Li X, Yan H, Huang L. Salivary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 as a biomarker for periodontitis: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(3):e9642. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000009642
Korte DL, Kinney J. Personalized medicine: an update of salivary biomarkers for periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000. 2016;70(1):26-37. DOI: 10.1111/prd.12103
Podzimek S, Vondrackova L, Duskova J, Janatova T, Broukal Z. Salivary Markers for Periodontal and General Diseases. Dis Markers. 2016. DOI: 10.1155/2016/9179632
Prasad M, Toshi, Sehgal R, Mallik M, Tabinda A, Sneha Singh. Periodontal disease and salivary pH: Case control study. IAIM, 2019; 6(2): 1-6. https://iaimjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/iaim_2019_0602_01.pdf
Baliga S, Muglikar S, Kale R. Salivary pH: A diagnostic biomarker. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2013;17(4):461-5. DOI: 10.4103/0972-124X.118317
Shazam H, Shaikh F, Hussain Z. Bone Turnover Markers in Chronic Periodontitis: A Literature Review. Cureus. 2020; 12(1): e6699. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6699
Cormos G. The contribution of salivary pH in periodontal health assessment. Rev Chim. 2016;67(9):1697-1700.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a19d/019bb1f73ced20a170eecca97d6231d161da.pdf
Patel RM, Varma S, Suragimath G, Zope S. Estimation and comparison of salivary calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase and pH levels in periodontal health and disease: A cross-sectional biochemical study. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2016;10(7):ZC58–61. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/20973.8182
Seethalakshmi C, Reddy RC, Asifa N, Prabhu S. Correlation of Salivary pH, Incidence of Dental Caries and Periodontal Status in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-sectional Study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Mar;10(3):ZC12-4. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/16310.7351
Martina E, Campanati A, Diotallevi F, Offidani A. Saliva and Oral Diseases. J Clin Med. 2020;9(2). pii: E466. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020466
Foglio-Bonda PL, Brilli K, Pattarino F, Foglio-Bonda A. Salivary flow rate and pH in patients with oral pathologies. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2017 Jan;21(2):369-374. http://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/369-374-Salivary-flow-rate-and-pH-in-patients-with-oral-pathologies.pdf
Pandey P, Reddy NV, Rao VA, Saxena A, Chaudhary CP. Estimation of salivary flow rate, pH, buffer capacity, calcium, total protein content and total antioxidant capacity in relation to dental caries severity, age and gender. Contemp Clin Dent. 2015;6(Suppl 1):S65-71. DOI: 10.4103/0976-237X.152943.
Fiyaz M, Ramesh A, Ramalingam K, Thomas B, Shetty S, Prakash P. Association of salivary calcium, phosphate, pH and flow rate on oral health: A study on 90 subjects. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2013;17(4):454-60. DOI: 10.4103/0972-124X.118316
Armitage GC. Periodontal diagnoses and classification of periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000. 2004;34:9-21. DOI:10.1046/j.0906-6713.2002.003421.x
Dawes C, et al. The functions of human saliva: A review sponsored by the World Workshop on Oral Medicine VI. Arch Oral Biol. 2015;60(6):863-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.03.004
Dawes C, Wong DT. Role of saliva and salivary diagnostics in the advancement of oral health. J Dent Res. 2019;98(2):133-41. DOI: 10.1177/0022034518816961
García S, Bravo F, Ayala J, Bardales G. pH en saliva total en pacientes con enfermedad periodontal del Servicio de Periodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología de la UNMSM. Odontol. Sanmarquina 2008; 11(1): 19-21.
https://revistasinvestigacion.unmsm.edu.pe/index.php/odont/article/view/3079.
Marsh PD, Do T, Beighton D, Devine DA. Influence of saliva on the oral microbiota. Periodontol 2000. 2016;70(1):80-92. DOI: 10.1111/prd.12098