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Copyright (c) 2022 Ledmar J. Vargas Rodríguez, Leidy Fonseca
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Oral contraceptives as a factor associated with pituitary adenomas: Systematic review / meta-analysis
Corresponding Author(s) : Ledmar J. Vargas Rodríguez
Ciencia e Innovación en Salud,
2022
Abstract
Background: Pituitary adenomas are neoplasms that appear in the sella turcica, which appear a wide range of hormonal and proliferative behaviors, with a slow growth rate. Both estrogens and progestins in oral contraceptives often stimulate pituitary lactotropic cells, which can facilitate the development of hyperprolactinemia, along with hypertrophy and hyperplasia of these cells, and the development of pituitary tumors.
Objective: To establish the association between the use of oral contraceptives and the development of pituitary adenomas in women older than 18 years.
Materials and methods: A systematic literature review was performed. The searches were carried out by three researchers, using the databases of Pubmed / Medline, Science direct, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, BIREME, Redalyc, Scielo and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).
Results: Three studies (573 cases and 794 controls) were included. The graphical forest of final results shows that the use of oral contraceptives is not associated with the presence or appearance of pituitary adenomas (OR 0.89 (95% CI 0.60 - 1.33).
Conclusions: There is no association between the use of oral contraceptives and the development of pituitary adenomas in women older than 18 years.
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- Sylvia L, Ezzat A, Ezzat S. The pathogenesis ofpituitary tumours. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 2002; 2: 836-849. DOI:10.1038/nrc926
- Badawy SZA, Rebscher F, Kohn L, Wolfe H, Oates RP, Moses A. The relation between oral contraceptive use and subsequent development of hyperprolactinemia. Fertil steril. 1981; 36(4): 464-467. DOI: 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)45794-8
- Larry K, William J. Prolactin producing pituitary adenomas. Microsurgery. 1979; 1(3): 182-186. DOI:10.1002/micr.1920010303
- Testa G, Veggeti W, Motta T, et al. Two-Year Treatment With Oral Contraceptives in Hyperprolactinemic Patients. Contraception. 1998; 58(2): 69–73. DOI:10.1016/s0010-7824(98)00069-9
- Nota NM, Wiepjes CM, Blok CJM, Gooren LJG, Peerdemas SM, Kreukels BPC, et al. The occurrence of benign brain tumours in transgender individuals during cross-sex hormone treatment. Brain. 2018: 147(7): 2047-2054. DOI:10.1093/brain/awy108
- Jean W, Felbaum D. Fertility, pregnancy, and prolactinoma: A survey of pituitary surgeons’ view and review of the literature. Clin. Neurosci. 2017; 48: 198-203. DOI:10.1016/j.jocn.2017.04.029
- Rosero M, Rosero E, Sanchez A, et al. Galactorrea e hiperprolactinemia en una mujer en tratamiento con anticonceptivos. SEMERGEN. 2008; 34(10): 510-514. DOI:10.1016/S1138-3593(08)75568-0
- Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA 2000; 283:2008-12. DOI:10.1001/jama.283.15.2008
- Stovold E, Beecher D, Foxlee R, Noel-Storr A. Study flow diagrams in Cochrane systematic review updates: an adapted PRISMA flow diagram. Syst Rev 2014;3:54. DOI:10.1186/2046-4053-3-54
- Simona Serioli, Francesco Doglietto, Alessandro Fiorindi, Antonio Biroli, Davide Mattavelli, Barbara Buffoli, et al. Pituitary Adenomas and Invasiveness from Anatomo-Surgical, Radiological, and Histological Perspectives: A Systematic Literature Review. Cancers (Basel). 2019 Dec 4; 11(12):1936. DOI:10.3390/cancers11121936.
- Chung Thong Lim, Márta Korbonits. Update on the clinicopathology of pituitary adenomas. Endocr Pract. 2018 May; 24(5):473-488. DOI:10.4158/EP-2018-0034.
- Wells G SB, O’connell D, Robertson J, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, Tugwell P. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses, 2000. http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp
- Minouk J, Schoemaker and Anthony J. Swerdlow. Risk factors fot pituitary tumors: a case-control study. Cancer Epidem. Biomar. 2009; 18(5): 1492- 1500. DOI:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0657
- Jaffe, Monroe S, Paffenbarger R. Pituitary adenomas and oral contraceptives: a multicenter case-control study. Fertil Steril. 1983; 39(6): 753-760. DOI:10.1016/S0015-0282(16)47113-X
- Leng L, Zhang Y. Etiology of Pituitary Tumors: A Case Control Study. Turk Neurosurg. 2012; 26(2): 195-9. DOI:10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.5985-12.1
- Thorogood M, Villard Mackintosh L. Combined oral contraceptives: risks and benefits. Br. Med. Bull. 1993; 49(1): 124-139. DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072592
- Huggins GR. Neoplasia and Hormonal Contraception. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 1981: 24 (3): 903-926. DOI:10.1097/00003081-198109000-00017
- Kirschner MA. The Role of Hormones in the Etiology of Human Breast Cancer. Cáncer. 1977; 39(6): 2716-2726. DOI:10.1002/1097-0142(197706)39:6<2716::aid-cncr2820390659>3.0.co;2-3
- Davajan V, Kletzky O, March CM, Roy S, Mishell DR. The significance of galactorrhea in patients with normal menses, oligomenorrhea, and secondary amenorrhea. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1978; 130 (8): 894-904. DOI:10.1016/0002-9378(78)90266-1.
- Maître CS, Delemer B, Touraine P, Joven J. Prolactinoma and estrogens: pregnancy, contraception and hormonal replacement therapy. Ann Endocrinol Paris. 2007; 8(2-3):106-12. DOI:10.1016/j.ando.2007.03.008
References
Sylvia L, Ezzat A, Ezzat S. The pathogenesis ofpituitary tumours. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 2002; 2: 836-849. DOI:10.1038/nrc926
Badawy SZA, Rebscher F, Kohn L, Wolfe H, Oates RP, Moses A. The relation between oral contraceptive use and subsequent development of hyperprolactinemia. Fertil steril. 1981; 36(4): 464-467. DOI: 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)45794-8
Larry K, William J. Prolactin producing pituitary adenomas. Microsurgery. 1979; 1(3): 182-186. DOI:10.1002/micr.1920010303
Testa G, Veggeti W, Motta T, et al. Two-Year Treatment With Oral Contraceptives in Hyperprolactinemic Patients. Contraception. 1998; 58(2): 69–73. DOI:10.1016/s0010-7824(98)00069-9
Nota NM, Wiepjes CM, Blok CJM, Gooren LJG, Peerdemas SM, Kreukels BPC, et al. The occurrence of benign brain tumours in transgender individuals during cross-sex hormone treatment. Brain. 2018: 147(7): 2047-2054. DOI:10.1093/brain/awy108
Jean W, Felbaum D. Fertility, pregnancy, and prolactinoma: A survey of pituitary surgeons’ view and review of the literature. Clin. Neurosci. 2017; 48: 198-203. DOI:10.1016/j.jocn.2017.04.029
Rosero M, Rosero E, Sanchez A, et al. Galactorrea e hiperprolactinemia en una mujer en tratamiento con anticonceptivos. SEMERGEN. 2008; 34(10): 510-514. DOI:10.1016/S1138-3593(08)75568-0
Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA 2000; 283:2008-12. DOI:10.1001/jama.283.15.2008
Stovold E, Beecher D, Foxlee R, Noel-Storr A. Study flow diagrams in Cochrane systematic review updates: an adapted PRISMA flow diagram. Syst Rev 2014;3:54. DOI:10.1186/2046-4053-3-54
Simona Serioli, Francesco Doglietto, Alessandro Fiorindi, Antonio Biroli, Davide Mattavelli, Barbara Buffoli, et al. Pituitary Adenomas and Invasiveness from Anatomo-Surgical, Radiological, and Histological Perspectives: A Systematic Literature Review. Cancers (Basel). 2019 Dec 4; 11(12):1936. DOI:10.3390/cancers11121936.
Chung Thong Lim, Márta Korbonits. Update on the clinicopathology of pituitary adenomas. Endocr Pract. 2018 May; 24(5):473-488. DOI:10.4158/EP-2018-0034.
Wells G SB, O’connell D, Robertson J, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, Tugwell P. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses, 2000. http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp
Minouk J, Schoemaker and Anthony J. Swerdlow. Risk factors fot pituitary tumors: a case-control study. Cancer Epidem. Biomar. 2009; 18(5): 1492- 1500. DOI:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0657
Jaffe, Monroe S, Paffenbarger R. Pituitary adenomas and oral contraceptives: a multicenter case-control study. Fertil Steril. 1983; 39(6): 753-760. DOI:10.1016/S0015-0282(16)47113-X
Leng L, Zhang Y. Etiology of Pituitary Tumors: A Case Control Study. Turk Neurosurg. 2012; 26(2): 195-9. DOI:10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.5985-12.1
Thorogood M, Villard Mackintosh L. Combined oral contraceptives: risks and benefits. Br. Med. Bull. 1993; 49(1): 124-139. DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072592
Huggins GR. Neoplasia and Hormonal Contraception. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 1981: 24 (3): 903-926. DOI:10.1097/00003081-198109000-00017
Kirschner MA. The Role of Hormones in the Etiology of Human Breast Cancer. Cáncer. 1977; 39(6): 2716-2726. DOI:10.1002/1097-0142(197706)39:6<2716::aid-cncr2820390659>3.0.co;2-3
Davajan V, Kletzky O, March CM, Roy S, Mishell DR. The significance of galactorrhea in patients with normal menses, oligomenorrhea, and secondary amenorrhea. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1978; 130 (8): 894-904. DOI:10.1016/0002-9378(78)90266-1.
Maître CS, Delemer B, Touraine P, Joven J. Prolactinoma and estrogens: pregnancy, contraception and hormonal replacement therapy. Ann Endocrinol Paris. 2007; 8(2-3):106-12. DOI:10.1016/j.ando.2007.03.008