Tecnoestrés en población mexicana y su relación con variables sociodemográficas y laborales
Technostress in the mexican population and its relationship with sociodemographic and labor variables
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17081/psico.23.44.3473Palabras clave:
tecnoestrés, tecnoansiedad, tecnofatiga, tecnoadicción, TIC, tecnologíaResumen
Objetivo: Medir la relación entre variables sociodemográficas, variables laborales y la frecuencia del uso de las tecnologías, con el nivel de tecnoansiedad, tecnofatiga y tecnoadicción como experiencias del tecnoestrés, en una muestra de adolescentes, jóvenes y adultos mexicanos.
Método: Se aplicaron las escalas para medir tecnoestrés y tecnoadicción de Cazares & Villavicencio (2019) y un cuestionario de variables sociodemográficas y laborales de elaboración propia, a un total de 981 participantes mexicanos entre 13 y 69 años, utilizando la herramienta de formularios de Google. Los datos obtenidos fueron sometidos a un análisis de nivel descriptivo, correlacional e inferencial (Kerlinger & Lee, 2002), con ayuda del programa estadístico SPSS v.20.
Resultados: Respecto a la tecnofatiga, los resultados arrojaron diferencias significativas por sexo (U = 104026.50, p=.037) y antigüedad en el trabajo [χ2(3) = 11.213, p = .011] y una significancia marginal por estado civil (U = 78329.00, p=.058). En cuanto a la tecnoadicción, se encontraron diferencias significativas por estado civil (U = 76121.50, p=.012) y ocupación [χ2(2) = 4.698, p =.008]. Con relación a la tecnoansiedad, fueron arrojadas diferencias significativas por tipo de empresa (U = 61348.00, p=.049).
Finalmente, se encontró que las personas con mayor nivel de escolaridad, los directivos y los empresarios independientes, presentaron mayor tecnoansiedad, tecnofatiga y tecnoadicción.
Conclusiones: Los resultados permiten afirmar que en México existe la presencia de tecnoestrés. Además, se demuestra la relación entre las experiencias del tecnoestrés y variables sociodemográficas (sexo, estado civil, ocupación y escolaridad) y laborales (antigüedad laboral, tipo de empresa y nivel de puesto). Los resultados constituyen las primeras aportaciones de la investigación del tecnoestrés en México, país que impulsa el uso de la tecnología.
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