Funciones ejecutivas en niños escolarizados con alta y baja creatividad

Executive functions in school-aged children with high and low creativity

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17081/psico.23.44.3493

Palabras clave:

procesos cognitivos, pensamiento divergente, creatividad, funciones ejecutivas, inhibición, flexibilidad cognitiva, memoria de trabajo, planificación, niños escolarizados

Resumen

Objetivo: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el perfil de funcionamiento ejecutivo característico en niños creativos.

Método: Participaron 200 niños y niñas escolarizados de la provincia de Entre Ríos, República Argentina, seleccionados por medio de un muestreo intencional. La creatividad se evaluó por medio de la prueba de figuras del Test de Pensamiento Creativo de Torrance (TTCT), Forma A y la prueba verbal CREA C, inteligencia creativa. Como medida de las Funciones Ejecutivas (FE), se emplearon diferentes pruebas para valorar cada dominio: (1) subtest de memoria de trabajo del WISC IV; (2) Stroop, test de colores y palabras, para inhibición; (3) WCST computarizado, para flexibilidad cognitiva reactiva y Fluidez verbal y Five Point Test para fluidez cognitiva espontánea, y (4) Laberintos de Porteus para valorar la planificación. Para estudiar perfiles de funcionamiento ejecutivo se realizaron MANCOVAS ingresando la inteligencia como covariable.

Resultados: Los resultados del presente estudio sugieren la existencia de un perfil de FE en niños creativos en función de su desempeño en la prueba de figuras del TTCT (F de Hotelling (7, 90) = 3.404; p = .003, η2 parcial = .21) y del CREA C (F de Hotelling (7, 98) = 8.831; p < .001, η2 parcial = .39).

Conclusión: Los hallazgos del presente estudio muestran que los niños con mayor creatividad, tanto en tareas de dibujo como en tareas verbales, presentan un perfil de FE caracterizado por una mayor capacidad de memoria de trabajo, inhibición y flexibilidad cognitiva espontánea. Sin embargo, parecería que la naturaleza de la tarea es un factor que podría modular la contribución de los procesos cognitivos de alto orden al potencial creativo.

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Publicado

2020-06-08

Cómo citar

Krumm, G. L., Arán Filippetti, V., & Kimel, E. (2020). Funciones ejecutivas en niños escolarizados con alta y baja creatividad: Executive functions in school-aged children with high and low creativity. Psicogente, 23(44), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.17081/psico.23.44.3493

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